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Neonatal sepsis of the newborn is an infection that has spread through the entire body. The inflammatory response to this systematic infection can be as serious as the infection itself. [26] In infants that weigh under 1500 g, sepsis is the most common cause of death. Three to four percent of infants per 1000 births contract sepsis.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN) is a condition where the passage of maternal antibodies results in the hemolysis of fetal/neonatal red cells. The antibodies can be naturally occurring such as anti-A, and anti-B, or immune antibodies developed following a sensitizing event. [ 11 ]
The usual dose by mouth is one capsule of 250 mg 4 times a day in adults and half the adult dose as a syrup for children under the age of 10 years but over 2. [4] For children below the age of 2 years, the oral dose is a quarter of the adult oral dose. [3] Ampicillin/flucloxacillin is taken orally about half an hour before food. [5]
Pregnancy increases the clearance of ampicillin by up to 50%, and a higher dose is thus needed to reach therapeutic levels. [25] [27] Ampicillin crosses the placenta and remains in the amniotic fluid at 50–100% of the concentration in maternal plasma; this can lead to high concentrations of ampicillin in the newborn. [27]
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc) can range from a mild to a severe disease. It is the third most common cause of severe HDN. Rh disease is the most common and hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell) is the second most common cause of severe HDN. It occurs more commonly in women who are Rh D negative.
Neonatal sepsis is the single most common cause of neonatal death in hospital as well as community in developing country. It is difficult to clinically exclude sepsis in newborns less than 90 days old that have fever (defined as a temperature > 38 °C (100.4 °F).
Newborn syphilis cases, which can be fatal, have risen more than tenfold in the last decade and almost 32% in a single year, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and ...
Neonatal meningitis is a serious medical condition in infants that is rapidly fatal if untreated. Meningitis , an inflammation of the meninges , the protective membranes of the central nervous system , is more common in the neonatal period (infants less than 44 days old) than any other time in life, and is an important cause of morbidity and ...