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In computing, a segmentation fault (often shortened to segfault) or access violation is a fault, or failure condition, raised by hardware with memory protection, notifying an operating system (OS) the software has attempted to access a restricted area of memory (a memory access violation).
The Pentium FDIV bug is a hardware bug affecting the floating-point unit (FPU) of the early Intel Pentium processors. Because of the bug, the processor would return incorrect binary floating point results when dividing certain pairs of high-precision numbers.
In modern use on most architectures these are much rarer than segmentation faults, which occur primarily due to memory access violations: problems in the logical address or permissions. On POSIX-compliant platforms, bus errors usually
In a system using segmentation, computer memory addresses consist of a segment id and an offset within the segment. [3] A hardware memory management unit (MMU) is responsible for translating the segment and offset into a physical address, and for performing checks to make sure the translation can be done and that the reference to that segment and offset is permitted.
A hardware bug is a bug in computer hardware.It is the hardware counterpart of software bug, a defect in software.A bug is different from a glitch which describes an undesirable behavior as more quick, transient and repeated than constant, and different from a quirk which is a behavior that may be considered useful even though not intentionally designed.
Error-correcting codes are usually distinguished between convolutional codes and block codes: Convolutional codes are processed on a bit-by-bit basis. They are particularly suitable for implementation in hardware, and the Viterbi decoder allows optimal decoding. Block codes are processed on a block-by-block basis.
This is in contrast to package decay-induced soft errors, which do not change with location. [5] As chip density increases, Intel expects the errors caused by cosmic rays to increase and become a limiting factor in design. [4] The average rate of cosmic-ray soft errors is inversely proportional to sunspot activity.
Illegal accesses and invalid page faults can result in a segmentation fault or bus error, resulting in an app or OS crash. Software bugs are often the causes of these problems, but hardware memory errors, such as those caused by overclocking, may corrupt pointers and cause valid code to fail.