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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding affects around 50 to 150 people per 100,000 a year. It represents over 50% of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. [2] A 1995 UK study found an estimated mortality risk of 11% in those admitted to hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding. [3]
In some cases, a person with GERD symptoms can manage them by taking over-the-counter drugs. [50] [51] [52] This is often safer and less expensive than taking prescription drugs. [50] Some guidelines recommend trying to treat symptoms with an H 2 antagonist before using a proton-pump inhibitor because of cost and safety concerns. [50]
Krienitz finds bacteria in the stomach of people with gastric cancer. [2] Turck feeds dogs Bacillus coli and produces ulcers. [7] 1907 Berkley Moynihan suggests that acid is a cause of ulcers. [1] 1910 Schwartz publishes the excess acid theory of the ulcer, coining the famous phrase "no acid, no ulcer." [2]
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Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer , while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer . [ 1 ]
When nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen) lower stomach prostaglandin levels, ulcers of the stomach or duodenum and internal bleeding can result. [126] The discovery of COX-2 led to research to the development of selective COX-2 inhibiting drugs that do not cause gastric problems characteristic of older ...
Baclofen, sold under the brand name Lioresal among others, is a medication used to treat muscle spasticity, such as from a spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. [8] [9] It may also be used for hiccups and muscle spasms near the end of life, [9] and off-label to treat alcohol use disorder [10] [11] or opioid withdrawal symptoms. [12]
[1] [2] Complications may include stomach bleeding, stomach ulcers, and stomach tumors. [1] When due to autoimmune problems, low red blood cells due to not enough vitamin B12 may occur, a condition known as pernicious anemia. [3] Common causes include infection with Helicobacter pylori and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . [1]