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Ginseng can cause abnormally low or high blood pressure and may interfere with the effects of diuretic medications. Gossypol can increase the effects of diuretics, leading to toxicity. Gynura can cause low blood pressure. Licorice can worsen heart failure by increasing blood pressure and promoting fluid retention. [54]
Commonly this is referred to in diabetes, high blood pressure, or states of low blood pressure or low blood volume. [1] This can present as a heart attack or heart failure, pulmonary edema, neurologic deficits including a stroke, or acute kidney failure. [2]
It was previously believed that low cardiac output in heart failure patients results in decreased blood flow to the kidneys which can lead to progressive deterioration of kidney function. As a result, diuresis of these patients will result in hypovolemia and pre-renal azotemia.
Notable causes of prerenal AKI include low blood volume (e.g., dehydration), low blood pressure, heart failure (leading to cardiorenal syndrome), hepatorenal syndrome in the context of liver cirrhosis, and local changes to the blood vessels supplying the kidney (e.g. NSAID induced vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole).
Complications of chronic failure also include heart disease, high blood pressure, and anaemia. [4] [5] Causes of acute kidney failure include low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. [6]
Acute kidney failure due to hypovolemia: the loss of vascular fluid into the tissues (edema) produces a decreased blood supply to the kidneys that cause a loss of kidney function. Thus it is a tricky task to get rid of excess fluid in the body while maintaining circulatory euvolemia.