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In the Arthashastra, Books 7, 11 and 12 have given a comprehensive analysis on all aspects of the relations between states. In the first chapter of Book 6, the theoretical basis of foreign policy are described. This includes six-fold foreign policy and the Mandala Theory of foreign policy. [182]
Apart from discovering Kautilya's Arthashastra, he pursued his research in the Vedic era and Vedic astronomy, making valuable contributions to Vedic studies. The following are among Shamasastry's works: Vedangajyautishya – A Vedic Manual of Astronomy, 8th Century B.C. Drapsa: The Vedic Cycle of Eclipses – a key to unlock the treasures of ...
[6] [7] Goodall adds regional texts such as Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti to the list. [6] Beyond the Sruti, Hindu texts include Smritis, Shastras, Sutras, Tantras, Puranas, Itihasas, Stotras, Subhashitas and others. [8] [9] Most of these texts exist in Sanskrit, [10] [11] and Old Tamil, and also later in other Indic languages.
The Arthashastra (1.7.6) emphasizes Artha's importance, with Kautilya stating that material gain is the most crucial of the three ends of life, as it supports the realization of dharma and kama. [10] James Lochtefeld describes [1] artha as the means of life, and includes material prosperity.
The Arthashastra identifies its author as Kauṭilya, a gotra or clan name, except for one verse that refers to him by the personal name of Vishnugupta. [ d ] One of the earliest Sanskrit literatures to identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta explicitly was the Panchatantra (2nd c. CE).
According to Chanakya, a conducive atmosphere is necessary for the state's economy to thrive. This requires that a state's law and order be maintained. Arthashastra specifies fines and punishments to support strict enforcement of laws (the Dandaniti). Roger Boesche has called the Arthashastra "a great political book of the ancient world". [48]
The ancient Indian philosopher Chanakya (Kautilya), who was also the chief advisor of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya, used this theory in his treatise Arthashastra to describe why a state should enhance its size and security. According to Chanakya, in absence of government or rule of law, the human society will degenerate into a state ...
The Rajamandala (or Rāja-maṇḍala meaning "circle of kings"; [1] मण्डल, maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle") was formulated by the Indian author Chanakya (Kautilya) in his work on politics, the Arthashastra (written between 4th century BCE and 2nd century CE).