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  2. Buchner ring expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchner_ring_expansion

    The Buchner ring expansion reaction was first used in 1885 by Eduard Buchner and Theodor Curtius [1] [2] who prepared a carbene from ethyl diazoacetate for addition to benzene using both thermal and photochemical pathways in the synthesis of cycloheptatriene derivatives. The resulting product was a mixture of four isomeric carboxylic acids ...

  3. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic_acid

    Upon heating, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid undergoes decarboxylation to give 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. [4] Reduction with tin gives 2,4,6-triaminobenzenoic acid, a precursor to phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene).

  4. Aromatization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatization

    Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor. Typically aromatization is achieved by dehydrogenation of existing cyclic compounds, illustrated by the conversion of cyclohexane into benzene.

  5. Bergman cyclization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergman_cyclization

    The reaction product is a derivative of benzene. Scheme 1. Bergman cyclization. The reaction proceeds by a thermal reaction or pyrolysis (above 200 °C) forming a short-lived and very reactive para-benzyne biradical species. It will react with any hydrogen donor such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene which converts to benzene.

  6. Friedel–Crafts reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedel–Crafts_reaction

    In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:

  7. Decarboxylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decarboxylation

    Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO 2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids , removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain.

  8. Benzilic acid rearrangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzilic_acid_rearrangement

    The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base.This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid.

  9. Dihydroxybenzenes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroxybenzenes

    In organic chemistry, dihydroxybenzenes (benzenediols) are organic compounds in which two hydroxyl groups (−OH) are substituted onto a benzene ring (C 6 H 6). These aromatic compounds are classed as phenols .