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The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod (unveiled on 8 September 1862). The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. [1] [2] The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians.
The modern history of Russia began with the Russian SFSR, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, gaining more political and economical autonomy amidst the imminent dissolution of the USSR during 1988–1991, proclaiming its sovereignty inside the Union in June 1990, and electing its first President Boris Yeltsin a year later.
Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's "formation" cannot be objectively determined; e.g., the fact that England and France were sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to Great ...
Russia, [b] or the Russian Federation, [c] is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world by land area, extending across eleven time zones and sharing land borders with fourteen countries. [d] Russia is the ninth-most populous country in the world and the most populous country in Europe. It is a ...
Mikhail Lomonosov and Count Ivan Shuvalov founded the University of Moscow. 1756: 29 August: Seven Years' War: The Kingdom of Prussia invaded the Austrian protectorate of Saxony. 1757: 1 May: Diplomatic Revolution: Under the Second Treaty of Versailles, Russia joined the Franco-Austrian military alliance. 17 May: Seven Years' War: Russian ...
The State Bank of the Russian Empire was founded in 1860 as a central bank structure (headquarters in Saint Petersburg, photographed in 1905). Before the liberation of the serfs in 1861, Russia's economy mainly depended on agriculture. [139] By the census of 1897, 95% of the Russian population lived in the countryside. [140]
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. [11]