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permanent resident alien — any immigrant who has been lawfully admitted into a nation and granted the legal right to remain therein as a permanent resident in accord with the nation's immigration laws. [9] nonresident alien — any foreign national who is lawfully within a nation but whose legal domicile is in another nation. [10] [11]
A ger toshav ("resident alien") is a Gentile (non-Jew) living in the Land of Israel who agrees to follow the Seven Laws of Noah. [21] The theological basis for the seven commandments of the Noahic Covenant is said to be derived interpretatively from demands addressed to Adam [22] and to Noah, [23] who are believed to be the progenitors of humankind in Judaism, and therefore to be regarded as ...
The Substantial Presence Test (SPT) is a criterion used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States to determine whether an individual who is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident in the recent past qualifies as a "resident for tax purposes" or a "nonresident for tax purposes"; [1] [2] it is a form of physical presence test.
Citizens of a U.S. state are parties on one side of the case, with nonresident alien(s) as adverse parties; Complete diversity exists as to the U.S. parties, and nonresident aliens are additional parties; A foreign state (i.e., country) is the plaintiff, and the defendants are citizens of one or more U.S. states; or
The law of Canada divides people into three major groups: citizens, permanent residents, and foreign nationals. [4] Under Section 2 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection of Canada (IRPA), "foreign national means a person who is not a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident, and includes a stateless person."
a citizen or resident of the United States (including a lawful permanent resident residing abroad who has not formally notified United States Citizenship and Immigration Services in order to abandon that status); [5] a domestic partnership; a domestic corporation; any estate (other than a foreign estate, within the meaning of paragraph (31)); and
In Malaysia, permanent residents are issued with a MyPR card similar to the MyKad issued to Malaysian citizens, the difference being the colour (red instead of blue) and additional information stating the cardholder's country of origin. In the Republic of China (Taiwan), permanent residents are issued a blue photo ID card (APRC).
Nationality defines the legal relationship between a person and a state or nation, specifying who is a member or subject of a particular nation. [3] [4] [5] The rights and obligations of citizenship are defined by this relationship, as well as the protections to which nationals are entitled.