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  2. Selective catalytic reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction

    SCR systems are now the preferred method for meeting Tier 4 Final and EURO 6 diesel emissions standards for heavy trucks, cars and light commercial vehicles. As a result, emissions of NOx, particulates, and hydrocarbons have been lowered by as much as 95% when compared with pre-emissions engines. [2]

  3. Nitrogen oxide sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide_sensor

    In a gasoline engine, NO is the most common form of NO x at around 93%, while NO 2 is around 5% and the rest is N 2 O. There are other forms of NO x such as N 2 O 4 (the dimer of NO 2), which only exists at lower temperatures, and N 2 O 5, for example. [1] Meanwhile, for diesel engines, the emissions situation is different.

  4. Defeat device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_device

    1995 Cadillac Seville disengaged emissions controls whenever heat or air conditioning was on. In 1995, General Motors was ordered to recall 470,000 model year 1991 through 1995 Cadillacs and pay an $11 million fine for programming the car's electronic control unit (ECU) to enrich the fuel mixture any time the car's air conditioning or cabin heat was operating, since the EPA tests are conducted ...

  5. Vehicle emissions control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control

    Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines. The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides.

  6. List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group...

    Euro 6 and US Tier 2 emission compliance is achieved via NOx adsorber-based system for smaller size vehicles or urea-SCR system for larger vehicles. Other features included low-friction bearings for the camshaft and balancer shafts, piston rings that have less pre-tension, a two-stage oil pump with volumetric flow control.

  7. NOx adsorber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber

    A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine.Lean burn engines, particularly diesels, present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen) in the exhaust gas.

  8. Catalytic converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter

    A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.

  9. Exhaust gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas

    European emission standards limit the CO 2 emissions of new passenger cars and light vehicles. The European Union average new car CO 2 emissions figure dropped by 5.4% in the year to the first quarter of 2010, down to 145.6 g/km .