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DMPA, under brand names such as Depo-Provera and Depo-SubQ Provera 104, is used in hormonal birth control as a long-lasting progestogen-only injectable contraceptive to prevent pregnancy in women. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] It is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection and forms a long-lasting depot , from which it is slowly released over a period ...
Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age. [1] ... such as the injectable Depo-Provera, ...
Depo-Provera is an injection that provides three months of contraceptive protection. Noristerat is another injection; it is given every two months. [31] Contraceptive implants are inserted under the skin of the upper arm, and contain progesterone only.
Progestogen-only medications, including progestogen-only pills and a slow-release (depot) injectable medication, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; Depo-Provera) do not contain an estrogen. DMPA is given as an injection every 90 days, and is typically associated with amenorrhea in about 50 to 60% of users at the end of one year.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (brand names Depo-Provera, Provera, Depo-subQ Provera 104) [4] – 150 mg (intramuscularly) or 104 mg (subcutaneously) every 3 months [3] Norethisterone enanthate (brand names NET EN, Noristerat, Norigest, Doryxas) [ 5 ] – 200 mg (intramuscularly) every 2 months [ 3 ]
Hormonal contraceptives can come in multiple forms including injectables. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a progestin-only injectable, has been found to cause amenorrhea (cessation of menstruation); however, the irregular bleeding pattern returns to normal over time. [15] [16] DMPA has also been associated with weight gain. [16]
Depot MPA (DMPA) and EC/MPA were developed by Upjohn in the 1960s. [12] [13] DMPA (brand name Depo-Provera) was introduced for use as a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive for the first time outside of the United States in 1969 and was subsequently approved for use in birth control in the United States in 1992.
Norplant [44] and Depo-provera [45] [46] are also effective, since these methods often induce amenorrhea. The intrauterine system (Mirena IUD) may be useful in reducing symptoms. [ 47 ]