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Ground pressure is the pressure exerted on the ground by the tires or tracks of a motorized vehicle, and is one measure of its potential mobility, [1] especially over soft ground.
These set out defined static loading criteria for the raised access floor to meet. The maximum for raised access flooring for general office accommodation (PSA medium grade) is 8 kilonewtons per square metre (kN/m 2) uniformly distributed load (UDL) and a 3.0 kN point load. There is an additional 3 x safety factor applied to the loadings.
Live loads, sometimes also referred to as probabilistic loads, include all the forces that are variable within the object's normal operation cycle not including construction or environmental loads. Roof and floor live loads are produced during maintenance by workers, equipment and materials, and during the life of the structure by movable ...
A crane's rated load is its Safe Working Load (SWL) and the design load (DL) is, (p 90) [1] = The dynamic lift factor for offshore cranes in the range 10 kN < SWL ≤ 2500 kN is not less than =.(p 84) [1] Thus for a crane with a SWL of 2000 kN (~200 tonne) its design load is not less than, = = The minimum breaking load (MBL) for the combined capacity of reeves of a steel wire hoisting rope ...
As the load is applied, friction at the interface between the specimen and the test machine restricts the lateral expansion at its ends. This has two effects: It can cause non-uniform stress distribution across the specimen, with higher stress at the centre and lower stress at the edges, which affects the accuracy of the result.
The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the water-cementitious ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed.All things being equal, concrete with a lower water-cement (cementitious) ratio makes a stronger concrete than that with a higher ratio. [2]
a): load paths based on U* index; b): von Mises stress distribution [2] In the image to the right, a structural member with a central hole is placed under load bearing stress. Figure (a) shows the U* distribution and the resultant load paths while figure (b) is the von Mises Stress distribution. As can be seen from figure (b), higher stresses ...
The critical load is the greatest load that will not cause lateral deflection (buckling). For loads greater than the critical load, the column will deflect laterally. The critical load puts the column in a state of unstable equilibrium. A load beyond the critical load causes the column to fail by buckling. As the load is increased beyond the ...