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[4] [5] Air pollution in the UK is a major cause of diseases such as asthma, lung disease, stroke, cancer, and heart disease, and it costs the health service, society, and businesses over £20 billion each year. [6] Outdoor pollution alone is estimated to cause 40,000 early deaths each year, which is about 8.3% of deaths. [7] [8]
Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death; it can also cause harm to animals and crops and damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). [3] Air pollution can occur naturally or be caused by human activities. [4]
Air quality continues to be a major problem in the UK. In 1998, the Government’s Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution (COMEAP) estimated that approximately 24,000 deaths per year are advanced due to the effects of “normal” UK concentrations of air pollution. [2] In hot years such as 2003 this figure may have been even larger.
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Some examples of natural substances that contribute to air pollution in the UK are dust and pollen while examples of man-made substances contributing to the problem are gases that come from cars and truck exhaust. Additionally, air pollution is [when?] the cause of 10% of all deaths in the United Kingdom. [5]
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COMEAP's periodic reports often make headline news on issues such as how many people die from air pollution, [2] [3] and the connections between air pollution and disease. [4] In 2001, COMEAP warned that long-term exposure to particulates increases risk of premature death, especially from cardiovascular disease . [ 5 ]
London also suffered from terrible air pollution, and this culminated in the "Great Smog" of 1952, which in turn triggered a legislative response: the Clean Air Act 1956. The basic regulatory structure was to set limits on emissions for households and business (particularly burning coal) while an inspectorate would enforce compliance. It ...