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Spinal disc herniation: Asymmetrical compression of an intervertebral disc ruptures the sac-like disc, causing a herniation of its soft content. The hernia compresses the adjacent nerves and causes back pain.
grade 3: lesions have deep crevices of more than one-half the thickness of the cartilage layer; grade 4: the cartilage tear is full thickness and exposes the underlying (subchondral) bone; Doctors will often also measure the size of each defect. Defects smaller than 2 cm 2, for example, are considered to be small. It is also important to ...
Chondrocalcinosis affects common areas such as the knee, wrist, hand, and pelvis. [10] Chondrocalcinosis can also be visualized affecting the spine. "Crowned Dens Syndrome" is an example of chondrocalcinosis affecting cervical vertebrae. [11]
These changes, such as bulging disks, thickening of ligaments and overgrowth of bone spurs, lead to pressure and potentially damage to the spinal nerve roots. [2] The compression of the spinal nerve roots that control movements and sensations in the lower body subsequently causes the symptoms of NC . [ 5 ]
Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage.. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage.
The articular disc (or disk) is a thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage present in several joints which separates synovial cavities. This separation of the cavity space allows for separate movements to occur in each space.
Grade Description 0: No osteoarthritis signs 1: Mild: increased osteosclerosis; minor joint space narrowing (normal joint space is at least 2 mm at the superior acetabulum) [7] no or minor loss of head sphericity; 2: Moderate: small bone cyst; moderate joint space narrowing; moderate loss of head sphericity; 3: Severe: large bone cysts
Symptoms may include pain, stiffness, and restricted movements of the affected areas. The majority of people with DISH are not symptomatic, [3] and the findings are an incidental imaging abnormality. In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2]