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Xanax 0.25 mg. (top row), 0.5 mg. (middle row), and 1 mg. (bottom row) tablets. The maximum recommended daily dose is 10 milligrams per day. [9] Overdoses of alprazolam can be mild to severe depending on the quantity ingested and if other drugs are taken in combination. [65] Alprazolam overdoses cause excess central nervous system (CNS ...
In the elderly, long-term benzodiazepine therapy is a risk factor for amplifying cognitive decline, [29] although gradual withdrawal is associated with improved cognitive status. [30] A study of alprazolam found that 8 weeks administration of alprazolam resulted in deficits that were detectable after several weeks but not after 3.5 years. [31]
IC 50 / pIC 50 values represent binding affinity only and do not reflect efficacy or pharmacokinetics, and some compounds listed are GABA A antagonists rather than agonists (e.g. flumazenil). Low IC 50 or high pIC 50 values indicate tighter binding (pIC 50 of 8.0 = IC 50 of 10nM, pIC 50 of 9.0 = IC 50 of 1nM, etc.)
[48] [49] However, they worsen sleep quality by increasing light sleep and decreasing deep sleep. Other drawbacks of hypnotics, including benzodiazepines, are possible tolerance to their effects, rebound insomnia, and reduced slow-wave sleep and a withdrawal period typified by rebound insomnia and a prolonged period of anxiety and agitation ...
Improvements in sleep were seen at the 24- and 52-week follow-ups. The authors concluded benzodiazepines were not effective in the long term for sleep problems except in suppressing withdrawal-related rebound insomnia. Improvements were seen between 24 and 52 weeks after withdrawal in many factors, including improved sleep and several cognitive ...
Chemical structure of alprazolam, a common triazolobenzodiazepine. Triazolobenzodiazepines (TBZD) are a class of benzodiazepine (BZD) derivative pharmaceutical drugs. Chemically, they differ from other benzodiazepines by having an additional triazole ring fused to the diazepine ring. The triazole and diazepine rings share a nitrogen atom.
Triazolam is usually used for short-term treatment of acute insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including jet lag. It is an ideal benzodiazepine for this use because of its fast onset of action and short half-life. It puts a person to sleep for about 1.5 hours, allowing its user to avoid morning drowsiness.
Brotizolam [3] (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a sedative-hypnotic [4] thienotriazolodiazepine [5] drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. [6] It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and is considered to be similar in effect to other short-acting hypnotic benzodiazepines such as triazolam or midazolam. [7]