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A plot illustrating the dependence on temperature of the rates of chemical reactions and various biological processes, for several different Q 10 temperature coefficients. . The rate ratio at a temperature increase of 10 degrees (marked by points) is equal to the Q 10 coefficie
A shortcut method for degrees Celsius is to count the number of chirps in 8 seconds (N 8) and add 5 (this is fairly accurate between 5 and 30 °C): T C = 5 + N 8 {\displaystyle \,T_{C}=5+N_{8}} The above formulae are expressed in terms of integers to make them easier to remember—they are not intended to be exact.
A minimum detectable signal is a signal at the input of a system whose power allows it to be detected over the background electronic noise of the detector system. It can alternately be defined as a signal that produces a signal-to-noise ratio of a given value m at the output.
A sensitivity guarantees that the distance from the critical point to the Nyquist curve is always greater than and the Nyquist curve of the loop transfer function is always outside a circle around the critical point + with the radius , known as the sensitivity circle.
The sensitivity of an electronic device, such as a communications system receiver, or detection device, such as a PIN diode, is the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio, or other specified criteria. In general, it is the signal level required for a particular ...
To achieve the best sensitivity, they must be cooled to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero (typically from 50 mK to 300 mK [9]). Notable examples of bolometers employed in submillimeter astronomy include the Herschel Space Observatory , the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope , and the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA).
The angle is typically measured in degrees from the mark of number 12 clockwise. The time is usually based on a 12-hour clock. A method to solve such problems is to consider the rate of change of the angle in degrees per minute. The hour hand of a normal 12-hour analogue clock turns 360° in 12 hours (720 minutes) or 0.5° per minute.
Although changes to the mercury's volume are slight — about .018% for each degree Celsius [2] — the small volume of the bore compared to the bulb's volume visually amplifies the change. This design feature results in clearly visible movement of the mercury up or down the scale, enabling precise temperature readings.