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Narrow gauge flat wagons, 750 mm (2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in).Note the single buffer with a hook on the right side and a chain on the other. On some narrow-gauge lines in Europe, and on the Paris Metro, a simplified version of the loose-coupler is used, consisting of a single central buffer with a chain underneath.
Johnston link-and-pin from 1873 to 1927 on Cape gauge, from 1906 on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge in Natal. [23] [24] Bell-and-hook from 1902 on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge in the Cape of Good Hope. [24] [25] AAR knuckle wide use from 1927 on Cape gauge. The first application of these couplers in what is now South Africa was in 1904 by the ultra ...
The centre of the buffer on European railway vehicles must be between 940 and 1,065 mm above the top of rail. Spain was an exception for a long time. A buffer separation of 1,950 mm was specified there because of the force transmitted to the longitudinal beams of the wagons, which are further apart due to their broad gauge railways.
A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge. Most narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm ( 1 ft 11 + 5 ⁄ 8 in ) and 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ).
The balance lever coupling, also central buffer coupling with two screw coupling, is a coupler commonly used on narrow gauge railroads with tight curves. By swapping the pulling and pushing devices, the standard screw coupling used on standard gauge railroads became a center buffer coupling with one screw coupling on each side of the buffer.
In Sweden, the gauge was nicknamed Blekinge gauge, as most of the railways in the province of Blekinge had this gauge. [14] Colonial Gauge was used in New Zealand. [15] [16] In Australia, this gauge is typically referred to as narrow gauge in comparison to 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge or 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) broad gauge.
The diagram from Beard's 1897 coupler patent [1]. Janney couplers were first patented in 1873 by Eli H. Janney (U.S. patent 138,405). [2] [3] Andrew Jackson Beard was amongst various inventors that made a multitude of improvements to the knuckle coupler; [1] Beard's patents were U.S. patent 594,059 granted 23 November 1897, which then sold for approximately $50,000, and U.S. patent 624,901 ...
This type of rail was promoted especially in the colonies of the British Empire during the second half of the nineteenth century by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop. Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in ) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within tolerances of 762 mm (30.00 in).