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1973 Toyota Celica, the world's first "liftback", in this case a fastback-styled hatchback [1] [2] [3]. A liftback is a variation of a hatchback car body style, with a more gently sloping roofline, roughly between 45 and 10 degrees, whereas traditional or archetypal hatchback designs tend to use a 45 degree to near vertical slope [citation needed] on the top-hinged tailgate (often called, and ...
A Kammback—also known as a Kamm tail or K-tail—is an automotive styling feature wherein the rear of the car slopes downwards before being abruptly cut off with a vertical or near-vertical surface. A Kammback reduces aerodynamic drag, thus improving efficiency and reducing fuel consumption, [1] while maintaining a practical shape for a vehicle.
Drivers race on the apron at Chicagoland Speedway (the area between the white and yellow lines). aero cover See wheel shroud. air jacks Pneumatic cylinders strategically mounted to the frame near the wheels of a racing car, which project downwards to lift the car off the ground during a pit stop to allow for quick tire changes or provide mechanics access to the underside of the car for repairs.
Spoilers and wings on a vehicle have little effect at low speeds as improper designs may create undesirable responses and lower stability or efficiency for the car at high speeds. [3] Since "spoiler" is a term describing an application, the operation of a spoiler varies depending on the particular effect it is trying to spoil.
Traditionally a fastback will have a trunk opening that is separate from the rear window which remains in a fixed position. [8] The term "fastback" is not interchangeable with "liftback"; the former describes the car's shape, and the latter refers to a roof-hinged tailgate that lifts upwards for storage area access.
A station wagon (US, also wagon) or estate car (UK, also estate) is an automotive body-style variant of a sedan with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate, or tailgate), instead of a trunk/boot lid. [1]
This list of fastback automobiles includes examples of a car body style whose roofline slopes continuously down at the back. [1] It is a form of back for an automobile body consisting of a single convex curve from the top to the rear bumper. [2] This automotive design element "relates to an interest in streamlining and aerodynamics". [3]
The first application of the term rake in vehicles was probably the tilting back of the windshield's top. [citation needed] Nowadays rake refers to the angle between the overall vehicle and the horizontal axis of the ground. If the back is higher than the front, the vehicle is said to have positive rake; if the front is higher than the back ...