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The chromophore indicates a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum (or in informal contexts, the spectrum under scrutiny). Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited ...
Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline.
Cell mechanics is a sub-field of biophysics that focuses on the mechanical properties and behavior of living cells and how it relates to cell function. [1] It encompasses aspects of cell biophysics , biomechanics , soft matter physics and rheology , mechanobiology and cell biology .
For example, benzene does not display colour as it does not have a chromophore; but nitrobenzene is pale yellow colour because of the presence of a nitro group (−NO 2) which acts as a chromophore. But p-hydroxynitrobenzene exhibits a deep yellow colour, in which the −OH group acts as an auxochrome.
A cell membrane is simplified as lipid bilayer plus membrane skeleton. The skeleton is a cross-linking protein network and joints to the bilayer at some points. Assume that each proteins in the membrane skeleton have similar length which is much smaller than the whole size of the cell membrane, and that the membrane is locally 2-dimensional ...
Cross-sectional view of the structures that can be formed by phospholipids in an aqueous solution. A biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another.
[3] [4] MCS are important in the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), [5] since this is the major site of lipid synthesis within cells. [6] The ER makes close contact with many organelles, including mitochondria , Golgi , endosomes , lysosomes , peroxisomes , chloroplasts and the plasma membrane . [ 7 ]
The H subunit, shown in gold, lies on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. A cytochrome subunit, not shown here, contains four c-type hemes and is located on the periplasmic surface (outer) of the membrane. The latter sub-unit is not a general structural motif in photosynthetic bacteria.