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Vitrified clay pipe (VCP) is pipe made from a blend of clay and shale that has been subjected to high temperature to achieve vitrification, which results in a hard, inert ceramic. VCP is commonly used in gravity sewer collection mains because of its long life and resistance to almost all domestic and industrial sewage , particularly the ...
Southern California Clay Products (California Clay Products after 1923) Vernon: 1917–1923: Chemical stoneware [2] Southern California Coal and Clay Company (Pacific Sewer Pipe Company after 1910) Lake Elsinore: 1886–1910: Sewer pipe [37] Starnes (Walter Starnes) Los Angeles: 1952–1954: Tableware [14] Stewart B. McCulloch: unknown: 1940s ...
The city of Uruk contains the oldest known examples of brick constructed Latrines, constructed atop interconnecting fired clay sewer pipes, c. 3200 BCE. [8] [9] Clay pipes were later used in the Hittite city of Hattusa. [10] They had easily detachable and replaceable segments, and allowed for cleaning.
Orangeburg was a low cost alternative to metal for sewer lines in particular. Lack of strength causes pipes made of Orangeburg to fail more frequently than pipes made with other materials. The useful life for an Orangeburg pipe is about 50 years under ideal conditions, but has been known to fail in as little as 10 years.
When he died in 1897, his son A. M. Smith, Jr., reorganized the company under the name, "Western Clay Manufacturing Company". [3] According to the Albany Democrat-Herald , "As pottery containers were replaced by glass and tin, the firm reorganized and manufactured brick and sewer pipe until 1911, when it was sold for $1 million."
The Industrial Revolution increased population density in manufacturing districts, and produced pipes useful for drain-waste-vent systems from buildings to sewers. Gravity sewers have been assembled from cast iron pipe, vitrified clay pipe, precast concrete pipe, asbestos-cement pipe, and plastic pipe. [8]