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Angular cheilitis is thought to be a multifactorial disorder of infectious origin, [10] with many local and systemic predisposing factors. [11] The sores in angular cheilitis are often infected with fungi (yeasts), bacteria, or a combination thereof; [8] this may represent a secondary, opportunistic infection by these pathogens.
With vitamin D present, vitamin D response elements are encoded and expressed via pattern recognition receptors responses and the genes associated with those responses. [86] The specific DNA target sequence expressed is known as 1,25-(OH)2D3. [86] The expression of 1,25-(OH)2D3 can be induced by macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells, and B ...
The syndrome is thought to arise from a mutation of several collagen genes during fetal development. It is a sex independent autosomal dominant trait meaning a person with the syndrome has a 50% chance of passing it on to each child. There are three variants of Stickler syndrome identified, each associated with a collagen biosynthesis gene.
Collagen disease is a term previously used to describe systemic autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis), but now is thought to be more appropriate for diseases associated with defects in collagen, which is a component of the connective tissue.
Collagens are complex molecules that provide structure, strength, and elasticity to connective tissue. Type II and type XI collagen disorders are grouped together because both types of collagen are components of the cartilage found in joints and the spinal column, the inner ear, and the jelly-like substance that fills the eyeball (the vitreous ...
The idea behind the "mixed" disease is that this specific autoantibody is also present in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, scleroderma, etc. MCTD was characterized as an individual disease in 1972 by Sharp et al., [3] [4] and the term was introduced by Leroy [5] in 1980. [6]
Type II collagen is the basis for hyaline cartilage, including the articular cartilages at joint surfaces. It is formed by homotrimers of collagen, type II, alpha 1 chains. It makes up 50% of all protein in cartilage and 85–90% of collagen of articular cartilage.
The inflammation may include the perioral skin (the skin around the mouth), the vermilion border, or the labial mucosa. [1] The skin and the vermilion border are more commonly involved, as the mucosa is less affected by inflammatory and allergic reactions. [1] Cheilitis is a general term, and there are many recognized types and different causes.