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The chief sacrament of the Valentinians seems to have been that of the bridal chamber (nymphon). [29] The Gospel of Philip, a probable Valentinian text, reads: There were three buildings specifically for sacrifice in Jerusalem. The one facing the west was called "The Holy". Another, facing south, was called "The Holy of the Holy".
Of the mid-2nd century thinkers and preachers who were declared heretical by Irenaeus and later mainstream Christians, only Marcion of Sinope is as outstanding as a personality. The contemporary orthodox counter to Valentinus was Justin Martyr, though it was Irenaeus of Lyons who presented the most vigorous challenge to the Valentinians.
The Gospel of Truth is not titled, but the name for the work comes from the first three words of the text. It may have been written in Greek between 140 and 180 by Valentinian Gnostics (or, as some posit, by Valentinus himself). [2]
Valentinian was born in 321 at Cibalae (now Vinkovci, Croatia) in southern Pannonia [4] [5] into a family of Illyro-Roman origin. [6] Valentinian and his younger brother Valens were the sons of Gratianus (nicknamed Funarius), a military officer renowned for his wrestling skills.
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Neander and Cave have suggested Alexandria as the place where Heracleon taught; but Clement's language suggests some distance either of time or of place; for he would scarcely have thought it necessary to explain that Heracleon was the most in repute of the Valentinians if he were at the time the head of a rival school in the same city.
These were the agentes in rebus, or agents of business, answerable to the magister officiorum (Master of the Officers), [e] who was the head of the palatine administration or Imperial Chancellor, and drew his staff from within their ranks. They could also hold appointments within the central clerical bureaux (sacra scrinia, lit. sacred book ...
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