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The chief sacrament of the Valentinians seems to have been that of the bridal chamber (nymphon). [29] The Gospel of Philip, a probable Valentinian text, reads: There were three buildings specifically for sacrifice in Jerusalem. The one facing the west was called "The Holy". Another, facing south, was called "The Holy of the Holy".
Of the mid-2nd century thinkers and preachers who were declared heretical by Irenaeus and later mainstream Christians, only Marcion of Sinope is as outstanding as a personality. The contemporary orthodox counter to Valentinus was Justin Martyr, though it was Irenaeus of Lyons who presented the most vigorous challenge to the Valentinians.
Layton relates this to GTr 19.34 − when Jesus taught, "in their hearts appeared the living book of the living, which is written in the Father's thought and intellect". Both rely on a shared concept of pre-existent yet obscured knowledge, which emanated from the Father of the Gnostics. "Fragment F" also comes from the Stromateis, 4.89.1-3 ...
Adversus Valentinianos, or Against the Valentinians, is a famous refutation of Valentinianism by Tertullian, [1] an orthodox contemporary of the Gnostics and one of the first to investigate them. The work satirized the bizarre elements that appear in Gnostic mythology, ridiculing the Gnostics for creating elaborate cosmologies, with multi ...
Valentinian was born in 321 at Cibalae (now Vinkovci, Croatia) in southern Pannonia [4] [5] into a family of Illyro-Roman origin. [6] Valentinian and his younger brother Valens were the sons of Gratianus (nicknamed Funarius), a military officer renowned for his wrestling skills.
The history of Valentine's Day is mushy. It's been linked to a 12th-century poem about birds mating, the Christian-martyr-turned-Saint Valentine and a deadly fertility ritual in ancient Rome, but ...
Tertullian made no references to the book of Tobit; however, in his book Adversus Marcionem he quotes the book of Judith. [48] He quoted most of the Old Testament including many deuterocanonical books , however he never used the books of Chronicles , Ruth , Esther , 2 Maccabees , 2 John and 3 John . [ 49 ]
Neander and Cave have suggested Alexandria as the place where Heracleon taught; but Clement's language suggests some distance either of time or of place; for he would scarcely have thought it necessary to explain that Heracleon was the most in repute of the Valentinians if he were at the time the head of a rival school in the same city.