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Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine . [ 4 ]
Symptoms usually include one or more of the following: orthopnea (difficulty breathing while lying flat), dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion, pitting edema (swelling), cough, frequent night-time urination, excessive weight gain during the last month of pregnancy (1-2+ kg/week; two to four or more pounds per week), palpitations (sensation of racing heart-rate, skipping beats, long pauses ...
The condition is commonly associated with vascular and cardiac changes associated with aging but can be caused by many other conditions, including congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, trauma, alcoholism, altitude sickness, pregnancy, hypertension, sickle cell anemia, a compromised lymphatic system or merely long periods of time sitting or standing ...
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Studies show that all of these issues can arise from lying in the supine position during late pregnancy, which can cause compression and obstruction of the inferior vena cava by the uterus. [1] Symptoms of late pregnancy inferior vena cava syndrome consist of intense pain in the right hand side, muscle twitching, hypotension , and fluid retention.
Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. [3] Telmisartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by decreasing the kidneys' ability to retain water. [3] The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2000, [7] [8] and in the European Union in April 2002.
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Chronic administration of thiazides is associated with the increase of insulin resistance which can lead to hyperglycemia. [28] Thiazides cause loss of blood potassium, while conserving blood calcium. [citation needed] Thiazides can decrease placental perfusion and adversely affect the fetus, so should be avoided in pregnancy. [27] [29]