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The terpene alpha-pinene is a major component of the common solvent, turpentine. The one terpene that has major applications is natural rubber (i.e., polyisoprene). The possibility that other terpenes could be used as precursors to produce synthetic polymers has been investigated. Many terpenes have been shown to have pharmacological effects.
orange pigments . α-Carotene – to vitamin A carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.; β-Carotene – to vitamin A dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
Triterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of six isoprene units with the molecular formula C 30 H 48; they may also be thought of as consisting of three terpene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids. [1] [2]
Turpentine is composed of terpenes, primarily the monoterpenes alpha-and beta-pinene, with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, limonene, and terpinolene. [3] Substitutes include white spirit or other petroleum distillates – although the constituent chemicals are very different. [4]
The provitamin beta carotene is a terpene derivative called a carotenoid. The steroids and sterols in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors. Sometimes terpenoids are added to proteins, e.g., to enhance their attachment to the cell membrane; this is known as isoprenylation.
The terpinenes are a group of isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as monoterpenes.They each have the same molecular formula and carbon framework, but they differ in the position of carbon-carbon double bonds.
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C 10 H 16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids ...
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C 20 H 32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway , with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate.