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προαίρεσις: free will, reasoned choice, giving or withholding assent to impressions. prokopê προκοπή: progress, on the path towards wisdom. prokoptôn προκόπτων: Stoic disciple. A person making progress.
This is a list of Stoic philosophers, ordered (roughly) by date. [Note: Some other philosophers like Socrates and Cynics were the big influencers in Stoicism and are founded quoted by the stoics] The criteria for inclusion in this list are fairly mild. See also Category:Stoic philosophers.
The revival of Stoicism in the 20th century can be traced to the publication of Problems in Stoicism [60] [61] by A. A. Long in 1971, and also as part of the late 20th-century surge of interest in virtue ethics. Contemporary Stoicism draws from the late 20th- and early 21st-century spike in publications of scholarly works on ancient Stoicism.
A simple example of Stoic reduction is reported by Sextus Empiricus: [49] if both p and q, then r; not r; but also p; Therefore not q. This can be reduced to two separate indemonstrable arguments of the second and third type: [50] if both p and q, then r; not r; therefore not: both p and q not: both p and q p; therefore not q
Epictetus (/ ˌ ɛ p ɪ k ˈ t iː t ə s /, EH-pick-TEE-təss; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c. 50 – c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [4] [5] He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he spent the rest of his life.
Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...
The ideal Stoic would instead measure things at their real value, [6] and see that the passions are not natural. [8] To be free of the passions is to have a happiness which is self-contained. [8] There would be nothing to fear—for unreason is the only evil; no cause for anger—for others cannot harm you. [8]
The nature of the universe is such that it accomplishes what is right and prevents the opposite, [59] and is identified with unconditional Fate, [60] while allowing it the free-will attributed to it. [52] According to Zeno's beliefs, "[t]rue happiness" can only be found by obeying natural laws and living in tune with the course of fate. [61]
