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According to Feldman (2008), under many Muslim caliphate states and later states ruled by sultans, the ulama were regarded as the guardians of Islamic law and prevented the Caliph from dictating legal results, with the ruler and ulama forming a sort of "separation of powers" in government. [38]
Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesian pronunciation: [nahˈdatʊl ʊˈlama], lit. ' Revival of the Ulama ', NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia.Its membership numbered over 40 million in 2023, [2] making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. [3]
IUMS consists of around 95,000 Muslim scholars globally and 67 Islamic organizations; [7] the union claims to bring together Sunni scholars of all four madhabs, along with Shia and Ibadi Muslims. It says it accepts those who attend to the sciences of Shari’ah and Islamic civilization, who have significant writings in the field, or have ...
Ulama and kyais, mostly wealthy landowners of rural area, were authoritative figures in this system, and santri (students) learned Islam through taqlid (rote learning) and kitab kuning. Distinct characteristics of traditionalism are based on such syncretism and rural communal dynamics.
Mullah (/ ˈ m ʌ l ə, ˈ m ʊ l ə, ˈ m uː l ə /) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. [1] The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law.
The Council of Senior Scholars (Hay'at Kibar al-‘Ulama - هيئة كبار العلماء, also known as the Senior Council of Ulama) is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's highest religious body, and advises the king on religious matters. [1] [2] [3] The council is appointed by the king, with salaries paid by the government.
Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation.. However, in the modern contexts of Muslim minorities in non-Muslim countries as well as secularised Muslim states like Turkey, and Bangladesh, the religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal sha
Obedience to political authorities in Islam refers to Surah Nisa verse 59, known as the 'verse of obedience' (Arabic: آية الطاعة), which calls for obedience to Allah and the Islamic Prophet Muhammad as well as to the ulu'l-amr or incumbent authorities (rulers and ulama), which is obedience to valid Islamic injunctions.