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Like Chinese and Korean Confucianism, Edo Neo-Confucianism is a social and ethical philosophy based on metaphysical ideas. The philosophy can be characterized as humanistic and rationalistic, with the belief that the universe could be understood through human reason, and that it was up to man to create a harmonious relationship between the universe and the individual.
Daoism/Taoism is a set of religious and philosophical beliefs that explores the ideas of rituals, scriptures all while the Dao/Tao is considered. It can be traced back to the 3rd century BCE. [7] As a product of Chinese philosophers, it has made its way to Japan and thus was significantly changed as it became in contact with Japanese Culture.
There have also been attempts to philologically study the earliest Japanese texts in order to infer early pre-Buddhist and pre-Confucian Japanese spiritual beliefs and practices, but this historical project did not begin in earnest until the 17th century with the kokugaku school of historiography, and so it is examined much later in this article.
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, [1] is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life. [2]
Confucianism is a humanistic [58] philosophy that believes that human beings are teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are: [59]
Drawing heavily from Shinto and Japan's ancient literature, the school looked back to a golden age of culture and society. They drew upon ancient Japanese poetry , predating the rise of medieval Japan 's feudal orders in the mid-twelfth century, and other cultural achievements to show the emotion of Japan.
In ancient Japan, the arrival of Buddhism closely relates to the national construction and the national centralization of power. Prince ShÅtoku and the Soga family fought and overcame the Mononobe family, who had handled the ancient Japanese religion , and elaborated a plan for national governance based on the unification of the legal codes ...
Based on Chinese models (including the adoption of the Chinese written language), they developed a central administration and an imperial court attended by subordinate clan chieftains but with no permanent capital. By the mid-seventh century, the agricultural lands had grown to a substantial public domain, subject to central policy.