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Examples of digital comparator include the CMOS 4063 and 4585 and the TTL 7485 and 74682. An XNOR gate is a basic comparator, because its output is "1" only if its two input bits are equal. The analog equivalent of digital comparator is the voltage comparator .
An XNOR gate can be implemented using a NAND gate and an OR-AND-Invert gate, as shown in the following picture. [3] This is based on the identity ¯ (¯) ¯ An alternative, which is useful when inverted inputs are also available (for example from a flip-flop), uses a 2-2 AND-OR-Invert gate, shown on below on the right.
A comparator is designed to produce well-limited output voltages that easily interface with digital logic. Compatibility with digital logic must be verified while using an op-amp as a comparator. Some multiple-section op-amps may exhibit extreme channel-channel interaction when used as comparators.
The XOR logic gate can be used as a one-bit adder that adds any two bits together to output one bit. For example, if we add 1 plus 1 in binary, we expect a two-bit answer, 10 (i.e. 2 in decimal). Since the trailing sum bit in this output is achieved with XOR, the preceding carry bit is calculated with an AND gate. This is the main principle in ...
Schmitt triggers are commonly implemented using an operational amplifier or a dedicated comparator. [nb 2] An open-loop op-amp and comparator may be considered as an analog-digital device having analog inputs and a digital output that extracts the sign of the voltage difference between its two inputs.
Since most such codes correct only bit-flips, but not bit-insertions or bit-deletions, the Hamming distance metric is the appropriate way to measure the number of bit errors. Many FEC coders also continuously measure the current BER. A more general way of measuring the number of bit errors is the Levenshtein distance.
If this analog voltage exceeds V in, then the comparator causes the SAR to reset this bit; otherwise, the bit is left as 1. Then the next bit is set to 1 and the same test is done, continuing this binary search until every bit in the SAR has been tested. The resulting code is the digital approximated output of the sampled input voltage.
The following is a list of CMOS 4000-series digital logic integrated circuits.In 1968, the original 4000-series was introduced by RCA.Although more recent parts are considerably faster, the 4000 devices operate over a wide power supply range (3V to 18V recommended range for "B" series) and are well suited to unregulated battery powered applications and interfacing with sensitive analogue ...