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Murmansk Port is the homeport of the barque "Sedov", one of the largest sailing ships in the world. [5] The Murmansk Shipping Company also operates the Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet. [6] In May 2007 it was decided to set up in Murmansk port free trade zone . On 15 October 2010 Murmansk was officially declared a special economic zone. [7]
Aerial view of Murmansk, 1936 War destruction in Murmansk (1942) Central part of Murmansk. Murmansk was the last city founded in the Russian Empire. [16] In 1915, World War I needs led to the construction of the railroad from Petrozavodsk to an ice-free location on the Murman Coast in the Russian Arctic, to which Russia's allies shipped military supplies. [3]
The Arctic Bridge shipping route (blue line at map) is hoped to link North America to markets in Europe and Asia using ice-free routes across the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic Bridge or Arctic Sea Bridge is a seasonal sea route approximately 6,700 kilometres (4,200 mi; 3,600 NM) long linking Russia to Canada, specifically the Russian port of Murmansk to the Hudson Bay port of Churchill, Manitoba.
The southern half of the Barents Sea, including the ports of Murmansk (Russia) and Vardø (Norway) remain ice-free year-round due to the warm North Atlantic drift. In September, the entire Barents Sea is more or less completely ice-free. From 1920 to 1944, Finland's territory also reached the Barents Sea.
Russians started exploring the shores of the White Sea as early as in the 12th century, and in 1916 during World War I founded the Russian city of Murmansk as an ice-free supply port. [20] As of 2010, Murmansk had 307,257 (2010 Census), [8] people – nearly 40% of the oblast's population.
Murmansk (Russian: Мyрманск) is a Russian Project 21900M diesel-electric icebreaker. While her construction was contracted to Vyborg Shipyard in Russia, she was built at Arctech Helsinki Shipyard in Finland and delivered to Rosmorport in 2016.
The first ice-free days of the Arctic Ocean could occur as soon as the 2020s or 2030s — as many as 10 years earlier than previous projections.
The total distance between Saint Petersburg and Murmansk is 1,448 km (900 mi), the section between Petrozavodsk and Kola having a length of 1,054 kilometres (655 mi). It has 52 stations. The line is of vital military importance because Murmansk is an ice-free port accessible via the Barents Sea: