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Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
At the boundaries of Roman Dacia, Carpi (Free Dacians) were still strong enough to sustain five battles in eight years against the Romans from AD 301–308. Roman Dacia was left in AD 275 by the Romans, to the Carpi again, and not to the Goths. There were still Dacians in AD 336, against whom Constantine the Great fought.
The Dacians and the Getae frequently interacted with the Romans prior to Dacia's incorporation into the Roman Empire. [1] However, Roman attention on the area around the lower Danube was sharpened when Burebista [ 1 ] (82–44 BC) [ 2 ] unified the native tribes and began an aggressive campaign of expansion.
The Dacians repelled the first attack, but the Romans, helped by a treacherous local nobleman, [who?] found and destroyed the water pipes of the Dacian capital. Running out of water and food the city fell and was razed. Decebalus fled, but was followed by the Roman cavalry and committed suicide rather than submit.
From 85 to 89, the Dacians, commanded first by King Duras-Diurpaneus, and from 86 by the new king Decebalus, [21] fought two wars against the Romans. [39] In 85 the Dacians, having gathered a mighty army, crossed the Danube and swept into the Roman province of Moesia, where only one legion was stationed, led by governor Gaius Oppius Sabinus ...
Led by their king Decebalus, the Dacians invaded the empire in 85 AD. The war ended in 88 in a compromise peace which left Decebalus as king and gave him Roman "foreign aid" in return for his promise to help defend the frontier. One of the reasons Domitian failed to crush the Dacians was a revolt in Germany by the governor Antonius Saturninus ...
Some Roman positions are attacked, but they seem to resist the impetus of the Dacians, who subsequently also attack a triple line of defense which could be identified with the limes of Dobrudja, built by Domitian during his first Dacian campaign (between 85 and 89 and strengthened by Trajan perhaps in the period 103-104 [9]
Roman provinces in the Eastern Balkans Originally a local power in the Rhodope area of southern Thrace, the Sapaean kings increased in power and influence and, with Roman blessing, found themselves masters of a unified kingdom of Thrace from 11 BC until the Roman annexation in AD 46.