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In perceptual psychology, unconscious inference (German: unbewusster Schluss), also referred to as unconscious conclusion, [1] is a term coined in 1867 by the German physicist and polymath Hermann von Helmholtz to describe an involuntary, pre-rational and reflex-like mechanism which is part of the formation of visual impressions.
Research into spontaneous trait inference began with Hermann von Helmholtz and his unconscious inference [4] postulation. [5] He first formed this concept to describe human perception of optical illusions, and then in his third volume of "The Treatise on Physiological Optics", connected the concept to social psychology and human interaction. [6]
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (/ ˈ h ɛ l m h oʊ l t s /; German: [ˈhɛʁ.man vɔn ˈhɛlmˌhɔlts]; 31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894; "von" since 1883) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability. [2]
Shahat states that Seth borrowed the prediction machine concept from Hermann von Helmholtz, and controlled hallucinations are a part of these predictive processes. He describes the five facets of the conscious self as "theoretically distinct and can be understood independently" but we are able to perceive either multiple or all of these ...
Fechner, along with Wilhelm Wundt and Hermann von Helmholtz, is recognized as one of the founders of modern experimental psychology. His clearest contribution was the demonstration that because the mind was susceptible to measurement and mathematical treatment, psychology had the potential to become a quantified science.
The irradiation illusion is an illusion of visual perception in which a light area of the visual field looks larger than an otherwise identical dark area. It was named by Hermann von Helmholtz around 1867; [1] but the illusion was familiar to scientists long before then; Galileo mentions it in his 1632 book Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. [2]
The scientific study of mental chronometry, one of the earliest developments in scientific psychology, has taken on a microcosm of this division as early as the mid-1800s, when scientists such as Hermann von Helmholtz and Wilhelm Wundt designed reaction time tasks to attempt to measure the speed of neural transmission.
In 1874, the concept of "psychodynamics" was proposed with the publication of Lectures on Physiology by German physiologist Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke who, in coordination with physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, one of the formulators of the first law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy), supposed that all living organisms are energy-systems also governed by this principle.