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Fangshi "is an elusive term that defies a consistent translation" [11] There is general agreement that the shi in fangshi 方士 means "master; gentleman; trained specialist" (cf. Daoshi 道士 "Daoist priest; diviner"), but considerable disagreement about the meaning of fang. The etymology of fangshi is "subject to various interpretations ...
Shi. Shi (氏、し) is used in formal writing and sometimes in very formal speech for referring to a person who is unfamiliar to the speaker, typically a person known through publications whom the speaker has never actually met. For example, the -shi title is common in the speech of newsreaders. It is preferred in legal documents, academic ...
Laufer's interpretation takes fang to mean fangshi 方士 "alchemist; doctor; exorcist" and xiang to mean rénxiàng 人相 "look at and appraise; practice physiognomy". Bodde's translation "he who scrutinizes for evil spirits in many directions" [ 3 ] is based upon taking fang as meaning sifang "four/all directions" and taking xiang in its ...
Buddhism, Celestial Masters and fangshi all contributed to the religious canon of Lingbao. [46] Celestial Master petitions to divinities were copied by the canon of the Lingbao and fangshi rites were also copied by them. [47] Sichuan was the origin of the Celestial Masters. [48] Different beliefs were held by the different groups of Daoists. [49]
An explanation to the origins of Taoist ritual clothing (Chinese: 道衣; pinyin: dàoyī; lit.'Taoist clothing') might be they are derived from robes worn by zhouyi (Chinese: 咒醫; pinyin: zhòuyī; i.e. ritual healers) and fangshi in ancient China as their clothing were embroidered with patterns of flowing pneuma which are similar to clouds, depictions of the celestial real and the underworld.
Fulu for placement above the primary entrance of one's home, intended to protect against evil. Fulu (traditional Chinese: 符籙; simplified Chinese: 符箓; pinyin: fúlù) are Taoist magic symbols and incantations, [1] [2] translatable into English as 'talismanic script', [a] which are written or painted on talismans by Taoist practitioners.
A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), [1] [2] was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the ...
Dongfang Shuo (Chinese: 東方朔, c. 160 BCE – c. 93 BCE) was a Han dynasty scholar-official, fangshi ("master of esoterica"), author, and court jester to Emperor Wu (r. 141 – 87 BCE). In Chinese mythology , Dongfang is considered a Daoist xian ("transcendent; immortal") and the spirit of Venus who incarnated as a series of ancient ...