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In human anatomy, the annular ligaments of the fingers, often referred to as A pulleys, are the annular part of the fibrous sheathes of the fingers. Four or five such annular pulleys, together with three cruciate pulleys , form a fibro-osseous tunnel on the palmar aspect of the hand through which passes the deep and superficial flexor tendons .
Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a disorder characterized by catching or locking of the involved finger in full or near full flexion, typically with force. [2] There may be tenderness in the palm of the hand near the last skin crease (distal palmar crease ). [ 3 ]
In uncooperative patients, the skin wrinkle test offers a pain-free way to identify denervation of the fingers. After submersion in water for 5 minutes, normal fingers will become wrinkled, whereas denervated fingers will not. [16] In "Ape hand deformity", the thenar muscles become paralyzed due to impingement and are subsequently flattened. [17]
Activation of trigger points may be caused by a number of factors, including acute or chronic muscle overload, activation by other trigger points (key/satellite, primary/secondary), disease, psychological distress (via systemic inflammation), homeostatic imbalances, direct trauma to the region, collision trauma (such as a car crash which stresses many muscles and causes instant trigger points ...
The palmar digital veins (or volar digital veins) on each finger are connected to the dorsal digital veins by oblique intercapitular veins.. Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal.
In non-human primates, there is only one flexor muscle for all the fingers, whereas in humans, the flexor pollicis longus becomes distinct. [7] Linburg–Comstock syndrome may be viewed as an evolutionary persistent structure. It is still inconclusive whether or not the connection is congenital or acquired at a later time point in life. [8]
TOS can involve only part of the hand (as in the pinky and adjacent half of the ring finger), all of the hand, or the inner aspect of the forearm and upper arm. Pain can also be in the side of the neck, the pectoral area below the clavicle, the armpit/axillary area, and the upper back (i.e., the trapezius and rhomboid area).
Symptoms of herpetic whitlow include swelling, reddening, and tenderness of the infected part. This may be accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes. Small, clear vesicles initially form individually, then merge and become cloudy, unlike in bacterial whitlow when there is pus. Associated pain often seems largely relative to the physical ...