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Eugeroics, in the sense of modafinil-type wakefulness promoting agents, include modafinil itself, armodafinil, and adrafinil, among others. [9] They are medically indicated for the treatment of certain sleep disorders , including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
The reasons why modafinil is contraindicated in certain cardiac conditions are because modafinil affects the autonomic nervous system and, in particular, exerts significant effects on autonomic cardiovascular regulation, leading in some people to notable increases in heart rate and blood pressure.
Cataplexy is the first symptom to appear in about 10% of cases of narcolepsy, [2] caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. [3] Cataplexy without narcolepsy is ...
[3] [2] [4] The modafinil analogues are of interest in the potential treatment of a condition involving the misuse of stimulant drugs (psychostimulant use disorder or PSUD), as drugs that help increase motivation (pro-motivational agents) to treat motivational disorders, [4] [5] [6] and for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as ...
A wakefulness-promoting agent (WPA), or wake-promoting agent, is a drug that increases wakefulness and arousal. [1] [2] [3] They are similar to but distinct from psychostimulants, which not only promote wakefulness but also produce other more overt central nervous system effects, such as improved attention span, executive functions, vigilance and motivation.
Absence of insufficient sleep syndrome; Absence of cataplexy; Absence of other causes of hypersomnia; The presence of positive MSLT tests. [32] [33] [34] The latest ICD-10 defines IH with long sleep time as a neurological disorder that is a rare sleep disorder characterized by prolonged sleep at night and extreme sleepiness during the day ...
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome