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In algebraic number theory, the Hilbert class field E of a number field K is the maximal abelian unramified extension of K.Its degree over K equals the class number of K and the Galois group of E over K is canonically isomorphic to the ideal class group of K using Frobenius elements for prime ideals in K.
The origins of class field theory lie in the quadratic reciprocity law proved by Gauss. The generalization took place as a long-term historical project, involving quadratic forms and their 'genus theory', work of Ernst Kummer and Leopold Kronecker/Kurt Hensel on ideals and completions, the theory of cyclotomic and Kummer extensions.
As with the Hilbert problems, one of the prize problems (the Poincaré conjecture) was solved relatively soon after the problems were announced. The Riemann hypothesis is noteworthy for its appearance on the list of Hilbert problems, Smale's list, the list of Millennium Prize Problems, and even the Weil conjectures, in its geometric guise.
1896 David Hilbert gives the first complete proof of the Kronecker–Weber theorem. 1897 Weber introduces ray class groups and general ideal class groups. 1897 Hilbert publishes his Zahlbericht. 1897 Hilbert rewrites the law of quadratic reciprocity as a product formula for the Hilbert symbol. 1897 Kurt Hensel introduced p-adic numbers.
The principal ideal theorem was conjectured by David Hilbert (), and was the last remaining aspect of his program on class fields to be completed, in 1929.. Emil Artin (1927, 1929) reduced the principal ideal theorem to a question about finite abelian groups: he showed that it would follow if the transfer from a finite group to its derived subgroup is trivial.
The use of "Hilbert-style" and similar terms to describe axiomatic proof systems in logic is due to the influence of Hilbert and Ackermann's Principles of Mathematical Logic (1928). [2] Most variants of Hilbert systems take a characteristic tack in the way they balance a trade-off between logical axioms and rules of inference.
In mathematics, Riemann–Hilbert problems, named after Bernhard Riemann and David Hilbert, are a class of problems that arise in the study of differential equations in the complex plane. Several existence theorems for Riemann–Hilbert problems have been produced by Mark Krein , Israel Gohberg and others.
Hilbert proposed that the consistency of more complicated systems, such as real analysis, could be proven in terms of simpler systems. Ultimately, the consistency of all of mathematics could be reduced to basic arithmetic. Gödel's incompleteness theorems, published in 1931, showed that Hilbert's program was unattainable for key areas of ...