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An Estoppel Certificate (or Estoppel Letter) is a document commonly used in due diligence in real estate and mortgage activities. It is based on estoppel, the legal principle that prevents or estops someone from claiming a change in the agreement later on. [1] It is used in a variety of countries for commercial and residential transactions.
The doctrine of exoneration of liens (sometimes simply referred to as "doctrine of exoneration") refers to a common law rule. The rule says that encumbrances (i.e. a mortgage ) of a property conveyed by a will is discharged with funds from the originating estate , not from the property itself.
Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Attempts to exonerate individuals are particularly controversial in death penalty cases, especially where new evidence is put forth after the execution has taken place. The transitive verb, "to ...
This list contains names of people who were found guilty of capital crimes and placed on death row but later found to be wrongly convicted.Many of these exonerees' sentences were overturned by acquittal or pardon, but some of those listed were exonerated posthumously. [1]
The plenary power to grant a pardon or a reprieve is granted to the president by Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution; the only limits mentioned in the Constitution are that pardons are limited to federal offenses, and that they cannot affect an impeachment process: "The president shall ... have power to grant reprieves and ...
A restraint on alienation, in the law of real property, is a clause used in the conveyance of real property that seeks to prohibit the recipient from selling or otherwise transferring their interest in the property.
An exculpatory clause is generally only enforceable if it does not conflict with existing public policy. [2] The two other prerequisites for an exculpatory clause to be valid are that the contract must pertain to the involved parties' private affairs, and each of the involved parties must be free bargaining agents to the contract in question ...
Attornment (from French tourner, "to turn"), in English real property law, is the acknowledgment of a new lord by the tenant on the alienation of land. Under the feudal system, the relations of landlord and tenant were to a certain extent reciprocal. So it was considered unreasonable to the tenant to subject him to a new lord without his own ...