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Thus, there is no linguistic border between Russian and Ukrainian, and thus, both grammar sets can be applied. This dialect is considered a transitional dialect between Ukrainian and Russian. [6] Steppe is spoken in southern and southeastern Ukraine. This dialect was originally the main language of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. [7]
if V is the Common Slavic *e, then the vowel in Ukrainian mutated to /a/, e.g., Common Slavic *žitĭje became Ukrainian /ʒɪˈtʲːa/ (життя́) if V is Common Slavic *ĭ, then the combination became /ɛj/, e.g., genitive plural in Common Slavic *myšĭjĭ became Ukrainian /mɪˈʃɛj/ (мише́й)
A dialect is a territorial, professional or social variant of a standard literary language. In Ukrainian there are 3 major dialectical groups - the south-western group, south-eastern group and the northern dialects. In recent times there have been attempts to categorise some of the Ukrainian dialects into separate languages.
Ukrainian falls within the Cyrillic (U+0400 to U+04FF) and Cyrillic Supplementary (U+0500 to U+052F) blocks of Unicode. The characters in the range U+0400–U+045F are basically the characters from ISO 8859-5 moved upward by 864 positions. In the following table, Ukrainian letters have titles indicating their Unicode information and HTML entity.
A defining characteristic of the Northern dialects is archaic vocalism of stressed vowels, or, in the case of letters "о" and "е", the usage of monopthongs when stressed. The letter "а" also acquires a sound similar to standard Ukrainian "е" when not stressed and preceded by a palatised consonant. [2]
Ukrainian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript ʲ , are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate , like the articulation of the y sound in yes .
The exact origins of the Southeastern dialects is a matter of some debate. Vsevolod Hantsov [] and Olena Kurylo argued that they originated from speakers of the other two dialects during the Ukrainian settlement of the Wild Fields [], while Leonid Bulakhovskyi [] and Fedot Zhylko [] have asserted that the Southeastern dialects directly descend from the Polanians.
In contrast to Southeastern, which is the literary standard of Ukrainian within Ukraine, Southwestern is common within the Ukrainian diaspora, much of which comes from Western Ukraine. [1] The Southwestern dialects contain more archaisms than the Southeastern dialects, but do not use the same archaic vowel system as the Northern dialects.