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Handshaking is a technique of communication between two entities. However, within TCP/IP RFCs, the term "handshake" is most commonly used to reference the TCP three-way handshake. For example, the term "handshake" is not present in RFCs covering FTP or SMTP. One exception is Transport Layer Security, TLS, setup, FTP RFC 4217.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol which adds complexity and processing overhead. These aspects include: Connection establishment using the "3-way handshake" (SYNchronize; SYNchronize-ACKnowledge; ACKnowledge). Acknowledgment of packets as they are received by the far end, adding to the message flow between the endpoints and thus the ...
The window scale option is used only during the TCP 3-way handshake. The window scale value represents the number of bits to left-shift the 16-bit window size field when interpreting it. The window scale value can be set from 0 (no shift) to 14 for each direction independently.
Such persistent connections reduce request latency perceptibly because the client does not need to re-negotiate the TCP 3-Way-Handshake connection after the first request has been sent. Another positive side effect is that, in general, the connection becomes faster with time due to TCP's slow-start-mechanism.
Create a connection to a listening socket and upon 3 way handshake (inside last ACK) set a window size of 4 bytes, then create an ACK/PSH packet with a TCP payload (into a window that is hopefully large enough to accept it) with a window still set to 4 bytes.
Example of a full MPTCP session. Multipath TCP adds new mechanisms to TCP transmissions: The subflow system, used to gather multiple standard TCP connections (the paths from one host to another). Subflows are identified during the TCP three-way handshake. After the handshake, an application can add or remove some subflows (subtypes 0x3 and 0x4).
Direct Client-to-Client (DCC) (originally Direct Client Connection [1] [2] [3]) is an IRC-related sub-protocol enabling peers to interconnect using an IRC server for handshaking in order to exchange files or perform non-relayed chats. Once established, a typical DCC session runs independently from the IRC server.
The three-way handshake is correctly performed. SYN Flood. The attacker (Mallory, green) sends several packets but does not send the "ACK" back to the server. The connections are hence half-opened and consuming server resources. Legitimate user Alice (purple) tries to connect, but the server refuses to open a connection, a denial of service.