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The World Health Organization guidelines were most recently updated in 2021. [1] The guidelines offer guidance about these air pollutants: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and carbon monoxide (CO). [2] The WHO first released the air quality guidelines in 1987, then updated them in 1997. [2]
The 2024 Global Burden of Disease Study estimates that air pollution contributed to 8.1 million deaths in 2021, which is more than 1 in 8 deaths. Outdoor particulate pollution was the largest cause of death (4.7 million), followed by indoor air pollution (3.1 million) and ozone (0.5 million). [5]
An air quality index (AQI) is an indicator developed by government agencies [1] to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. [2] [3] As air pollution levels rise, so does the AQI, along with the associated public health risk. Children, the elderly and individuals with respiratory or ...
Sulfur oxides (SO x): SO x refers to the oxides of sulfur, a highly reactive group of gases. SO 2 is of greatest interest and is used as the indicator for the entire SO x family. The EPA first set primary and secondary standards in 1971. Dual primary standards were set at 140 ppb averaged over a 24-hour period, and at 30 ppb averaged annually.
For example, the United States Clean Air Act identifies ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO x), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), and lead (Pb) as "criteria" pollutants requiring nationwide regulation. [1] EPA has also identified over 180 compounds it has classified as "hazardous" pollutants requiring strict control. [2]
(The Center Square) – Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers announced he will be proposing spending $145 million to address per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the state’s drinking water in his ...
There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.
The Air Quality Act of 1967 (Pub. L. 90–148) authorized planning grants to state air pollution control agencies, permitted the creation of interstate air pollution control agencies, and required HEW to define air quality regions and develop technical documentation that would allow states to set ambient air quality and pollution control ...