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A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic component that amplifies a very low-power signal without significantly degrading its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Any electronic amplifier will increase the power of both the signal and the noise present at its input, but the amplifier will also introduce some additional noise.
The design of the distributed amplifiers was first formulated by William S. Percival in 1936. [1] In that year Percival proposed a design by which the transconductances of individual vacuum tubes could be added linearly without lumping their element capacitances at the input and output, thus arriving at a circuit that achieved a gain-bandwidth product greater than that of an individual tube.
FETs in the signal pre-amp were replaced with bipolar transistors (2N3391A). Revision C January 9, 1970 1079–1238 Low noise ("LN") circuitry was added in the signal preamp, reducing DS voltage on the gain reduction FET and keeping the FET within its linear range. The FET feedback circuit was revised to minimize distortion.
The sensors which transimpedance amplifiers are used with usually have more capacitance than an op-amp can handle. The sensor can be modeled as a current source and a capacitor C i. [4] This capacitance across the input terminals of the op-amp, which includes the internal capacitance of the op-amp, introduces a low-pass filter in the feedback path.
Radford SPA50 transistor power amplifier. Although today, the valve audio amplifiers attract the most attention from enthusiasts, the quality of Radford's designs continued into the transistor age with the "Zero distortion" series of solid state power amplifiers produced in the mid 1970s, in which THD was reduced to less than the circuit noise ...
The noise power from a simple load is equal to kTB, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature of the load (for example a resistor), and B is the measurement bandwidth. This makes the noise figure a useful figure of merit for terrestrial systems, where the antenna effective temperature is usually near the standard 290 K ...