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The Citadel of Liège (French: Citadelle de Liège) was the central fortification of the strategic Belgian city of Liège, Wallonia, until the end of the 19th century. It is located in the Sainte-Walburge neighborhood, 111 metres (364 ft) above the Meuse valley.
Also called Leopold or the Liège mortar, the 24 inches (610 mm) caliber mortar was conceived by the French artillery officer Henri-Joseph Paixhans. The mortar was manufactured under the direction of the Belgian Minister of War Baron Louis Evain and cast at the Royal Canon Foundry ( Fonderie royale de canons ) in Liège , Belgium in 1832.
The Meuse citadels or Mosane citadels (French: Citadelles mosanes) are a group of forts situated along the Meuse river in southern Belgian region of Wallonia. The citadels were originally intended to defend the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and County of Namur and were later modernized during the periods of French and Dutch rule.
The Liège Revolution, sometimes known as the Happy Revolution (French: Heureuse Révolution; Walloon: Binamêye revolucion), [3] against the reigning prince-bishop of Liège, started on 18 August 1789 and lasted until the destruction of the Republic of Liège and re-establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège by Austrian forces in 1791.
Some exiled Northern Patriots living in Brussels joined. [9] With the French Revolution to the south escalating, and the Liège Revolution erupting in the neighbouring Prince-Bishopric of Liège in August 1789, the Brabant Revolution finally broke out in the Austrian Netherlands in October 1789. [8]
The French government voted to formally annex the territory in October 1795 and it was split into nine provincial départements within France. [1] French rule in the region was marked by the rapid implementation and extension of numerous reforms which had been passed in post-Revolution France since 1789. [23]
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
Liège becomes part of France. [6] [1] Archives de l'État à Liège established. [7] 1812 - Mine accident, 74 men trapped in a flooded mine. [8] 1815 - Liège becomes part of the Netherlands, viz. the Congress of Vienna. [6] [1] 1817 University of Liège founded. Cockerill manufactory in business in nearby Seraing. [9] 1820 - Royal Theatre opens.