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The Deccan thorn scrub forests are a xeric shrubland ecoregion of south India and northern Sri Lanka. Historically this area was covered by tropical dry deciduous forest, but this only remains in isolated fragments. The vegetation now consists of mainly of southern tropical thorn scrub type forests.
The thorn scrub forests are thought to be tropical dry forests that have been degraded through intensive agriculture and grazing into stunted and open thorn scrub, dominated by trees such as Senegalia senegal and Acacia leucophloea, as well as Prosopis cineraria, Capparis zeylanica, Ziziphus spina-christi, Olea europaea, Balanites aegyptiaca, Cupressus sempervirens, Vachellia tortilis, Phoenix ...
Jodigere Dry Forests, Karnataka, India. A thorn forest is a dense scrubland with vegetation characteristic of dry subtropical and warm temperate areas with a seasonal rainfall averaging 250 to 500 mm (9.8 to 19.7 in).
It is very rich in floral bio-diversity starting from xenomorphic sub-tropical thorn forests in the foot hills to sub-tropical evergreen forests along PRIYEN water courses and valleys at higher altitudes. There are about 112 plant families with 449 genera and 820 species. Of these, 663 species are dicots while 157 species are monocots. [4]
As of 2010, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates India's forest cover to be about 68 million hectares, or 22% of the country's area [4] [5] The 2013 Forest Survey of India states its forest cover increased to 69.8 million hectares by 2012, per satellite measurements; this represents an increase of 5,871 square ...
The xeric Deccan thorn scrub forests lie to the west, south, and southeast, covering the drier portions of the plateau in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats. The more humid Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests lie to the northeast and east, while the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests lie across the Satpuras to the northwest.
The forest of this region falls under major group "Tropical Forest" as per classifications of Indian forests by Champion & Seth. The forest of sanctuary area again falls under the group "Topical Thorn Forest" and subgroup 6B/C "Desert Thorn Forests". The sanctuary area is mostly covered by grasses with a very few trees.
Indian Forest cover map as of 2015. Tropical evergreen forests of India are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, [a] the Western Ghats, [b] which fringe the Arabian Sea, the coastline of peninsular India, and the greater Assam region in the north-east. [c] Small remnants of semi-evergreen forest are found in Odisha state.