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MW 18014 was a German A-4 test rocket [nb 1] launched on 20 June 1944, [1] [2] [3] at the Peenemünde Army Research Center in Peenemünde.It was the first human-made object to reach outer space, attaining an apogee of 176 kilometres (109 mi), well above the Kármán line that was established later as the lowest altitude of space. [4]
Luna 1 became the first artificial object to reach the escape velocity of the Earth, [14] along with its carrier rocket's 1,472-kilogram (3,245 lb) [2] upper stage, which it separated from after being the first spacecraft to reach heliocentric orbit. [1] It remains in orbit around the Sun, between the orbits of Earth and Mars. [2]
Venera 3, which also lost contact, marked the first time a man-made object made contact with another planet after it impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. [31] Venera 4, Venera 5, and Venera 6 performed successful atmospheric entry. In 1970 Venera 7 marked the first time a spacecraft was able to return data after landing on another planet.
First human-made signals from space. USSR Sputnik 1: 3 November 1957: First mammal in orbit, the dog Laika. USSR Sputnik 2: 31 January 1958: Confirmed existence of the Van Allen radiation belt. USA Explorer 1: 17 March 1958: First use of solar power in space. The oldest artificial object still in space. USA Vanguard 1: 4 January 1959
Crossed the heliopause at 121 AU and entered interstellar space, becoming the first human-made object to exit the solar system. [32] 2014-07-07 Further confirmation [clarification needed] probe is in interstellar space. 2016-04-19 Terminated Ultraviolet Spectrometer operations. 2017-11-28
Vanguard 1. Expected to de-orbit in ~2240AD, this and its upper launch stage are the oldest human-made objects in space. Also the first use of solar cells to power a satellite. [1] 1.47 kg (3.25 lb) March 26 US: Explorer 3: Juno I: Success: Added to data received by Explorer 1. [1] 14.1 kg (31.0 lb) April 29 US: Vanguard 2A: Vanguard TV-5: Failure
They were also the first animals to safely return from space. [56] Albert II, a rhesus monkey, became the first mammal in space aboard a U.S. V-2 rocket on June 14, 1949, and died on reentry due to a parachute failure. The first dogs in space were launched 22 July 1951 aboard a Soviet R-1V. "Tsygin" and "Dezik" reached a height of 100 km (62 mi ...
Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток, lit. ' East ' or ' Orient ') was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to reach orbital velocity around the Earth and to complete a full orbit ...