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Non-Christian sources that are used to study and establish the historicity of Jesus include Jewish sources such as Josephus, and Roman sources such as Tacitus. These sources are compared to Christian sources such as the Pauline Epistles and the Synoptic Gospels. These sources are usually independent of each other (i.e., Jewish sources do not ...
Non-Christian sources used to study and establish the historicity of Jesus include the c. first century Jewish historian Josephus and Roman historian Tacitus. These sources are compared to Christian sources, such as the Pauline letters and synoptic gospels, and are usually independent of each other; that is, the Jewish sources do not draw upon ...
Tacitus provides non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Scholars view it as establishing three separate facts about Rome around AD 60: (i) that there was a sizable number of Christians in Rome at the time, (ii) that it was possible to distinguish between Christians and Jews in Rome, and (iii) that at the time ...
An approximate chronology of Jesus can be estimated from non-Christian sources, and confirmed by correlating them with New Testament accounts. [ 170 ] [ 189 ] Claims about the appearance or ethnicity of Jesus are mostly subjective, based on cultural stereotypes and societal trends rather than on scientific analysis.
[132] [134] Géza Vermes states that compared to the Christian accounts: "the sober picture of Josephus appears all the more believable". [135] G. A. Wells, on the other hand, has stated that in view of Origen's statements these variations from the Christian accounts may be signs of interpolation in the James passage. [136]
Although some images of Jews exist in the synagogue in Dura-Europos, and such images may have been common, their influence on the depictions of Jesus remains unknown. [82] Christian depictions of Jesus which were produced during the 3rd and 4th centuries typically focused on New Testament scenes of healings and other miracles. [84]
The approximate chronology of Jesus can be estimated from non-Christian sources, and confirmed by correlating them with New Testament accounts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist places him in the Baptist's era, whose chronology can be determined from Josephus ' reference ( Antiquities 18.5.2 ) to the marriage of Herod Antipas ...
These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.Biblical figures that are identified in artifacts of questionable authenticity, for example the Jehoash Inscription and the bullae of Baruch ben Neriah, or who are mentioned in ancient but non-contemporary documents, such as David and Balaam, [n 1] are excluded from this list.