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"mono-" is from Greek monos = "alone". "un" = 1 and "nona-" = 9 are from Latin. The others are derived from Greek numbers. The forms 100 and upwards are not correct Greek. In Ancient Greek, hekaton = 100, diakosioi = 200, triakosioi = 300, etc. The numbers 200-900 would be confused easily with 22 to 29 if they were used in chemistry.
The same suffix may be used with more than one category of number, as for example the orginary numbers secondary and tertiary and the distributive numbers binary and ternary. For the hundreds, there are competing forms: Those in -gent-, from the original Latin, and those in -cent-, derived from centi-, etc. plus the prefixes for 1 through 9 .
The prefix bi-is a deprecated way of indicating the presence of a single hydrogen ion, as in "sodium bicarbonate" (NaHCO 3). The modern method specifically names the hydrogen atom. Thus, NaHCO 3 would be pronounced sodium hydrogen carbonate. Positively charged ions are called cations and negatively charged ions are called anions.
Ligands are ordered alphabetically by name and precede the central atom name. The number of ligands coordinating is indicated by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- penta- etc. for simple ligands or bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, etc. for complex ligands. For example:
The longest possible main alkane chain is used; therefore 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane instead of 2,3-diethylpentane, even though these describe equivalent structures. The di-, tri- etc. prefixes are ignored for the purpose of alphabetical ordering of side chains (e.g. 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane, not 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane).
Chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds.The nomenclature used most frequently worldwide is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The Greek/Latin numeral prefixes (mono-/uni-, di-/bi-, tri-/ter-, and so on) are used to describe ions in the charge states 1, 2, 3, and so on, respectively. Polyvalence or multivalence refers to species that are not restricted to a specific number of valence bonds. Species with a single charge are univalent (monovalent).
In this case the number n (which is between 1 and 4) is indicated by a multiplier prefix (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa-). The unqualified term "hydroxybenzoquinone" usually means a derivative of 1,4-benzoquinone. Other hydroxy- compounds can be derived from the other isomer, namely 1,2-benzoquinone or ortho-benzoquinone.