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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Inhabited space station in low Earth orbit (1998–present) "ISS" redirects here. For other uses, see ISS (disambiguation). International Space Station (ISS) Oblique underside view in November 2021 International Space Station programme emblem with flags of the original signatory states ...
The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya , the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity , the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya .
The International Space Station has been the target of varied criticism over the years. Critics contend that the time and money spent on the ISS could be better spent on other projects —whether they be robotic spacecraft missions, space exploration , investigations of problems here on Earth, or just tax savings. [ 95 ]
International Space Station in 2011, as seen from STS-134. Origins of the International Space Station covers the origins of ISS. The International Space Station programme represents a combination of three national space station projects: the Russian/Soviet Mir-2, NASA's Space Station Freedom including the Japanese KibÅ laboratory, and the European Columbus space stations.
ISRO chairman K. Sivan announced in 2019 that India will not join the International Space Station, but will instead build a space station of its own. [40] of 52 Tonne Mass [41] It is intended to be completed 5–7 years after the conclusion of the Gaganyaan program. [42] Starlab: NanoRacks Voyager Space Airbus MDA Space Mitsubishi Corporation ...
The first private company to send a spacecraft (Dragon) to the International Space Station (25 May 2012) The first private company to send a satellite into geosynchronous orbit (SES-8, 3 December 2013) The first private company to send a probe beyond Earth orbit (Deep Space Climate Observatory, 11 February 2015) [citation needed]
First extended (multi-year) orbital exploration of Venus (from 1978 to 1992). USA (NASA) Pioneer Venus Orbiter: 5 March 1979: Jupiter flyby (closest approach 349,000 km) Encounters with five Jovian moons. Discovery of volcanism on Io. USA (NASA) Voyager 1: 1 September 1979: First flyby of Saturn. First photograph of Titan from deep space. USA ...
Recent space exploration has proceeded, to some extent in worldwide cooperation, the high point of which was the construction and operation of the International Space Station (ISS). At the same time, the international space race between smaller space powers since the end of the 20th century can be considered the foundation and expansion of ...