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Current estimates suggest that 2% to 3% of children in the United States have some form of intellectual disability. 1 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 33 newborns (or 3%) in the United States are born with conditions related to problems in prenatal development. 2
More than a third of U.S. physicians do not know their legal requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, according to a study funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). More than 70% of physicians did not know that they ...
These conditions can also cause other issues, such as behavioral disorders, speech or language difficulties, seizures, and trouble with movement. Cerebral palsy, 5 Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are examples of IDDs related to problems with the nervous system. Sensory system
Some genetic disorders, including PKU, develop more often among people whose ancestors come from a particular region. People originally from the same region frequently share versions of their genes that have been passed down from common ancestors. These can include genes with mutations or changes that can cause PKU.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ASD is a complex developmental disorder that affects how a person behaves, interacts with others, communicates, and learns. NICHD is one of many federal agencies and NIH Institutes working to understand ASD. NICHD supports and conducts research on what causes autism, how best to detect signs of autism, how best to ...
Scientists don't know exactly what causes autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism was first described in the 1940s, but very little was known about it until the last few decades. Even today, there is a great deal that we don't know about autism. Because the disorder is so complex and no two people with autism are exactly alike, there are probably many causes for autism. It is also likely that ...
Anyone can give birth to an infant with spina bifida. However, parents who already have had a child with spina bifida or another neural tube defect have a 4% increased risk of having a second child with spina bifida. Parents of two children with spina bifida have about a 10% chance of having another child with this condition.
But there are many ways to help minimize the symptoms and maximize abilities. People who have ASD have the best chance of using all of their abilities and skills if they receive appropriate therapies and interventions.
CAH refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands. These glands sit on top of the kidneys and release hormones the body needs to function. CAH is caused by three disturbances: Too little cortisol (pronounced KAWR-tuh-sawl). The adrenal glands of infants born with CAH cannot make enough of the hormone cortisol.
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs) IDDs are a primary focus of NICHD’s research support. IDDs include disabilities and disorders that affect the nervous system, metabolism, and cell function and survival. NICHD supports and conducts research to understand the causes and effects of IDDs and to help identify effective therapies ...