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Height above average terrain (HAAT), or (less popularly) effective height above average terrain (EHAAT), is the vertical position of an antenna site above the surrounding landscape. HAAT is used extensively in FM radio and television , as it is more important than effective radiated power (ERP) in determining the range of broadcasts ( VHF and ...
For transmissions in the shortwave range, there is little to be gained by raising the antenna more than a half to three quarters of a wavelength above ground level, and at lower frequencies and longer wavelengths, the height becomes infeasibly great (greater than 85 metres (279 ft)). Shortwave transmitters rarely use masts taller than about 100 ...
In telecommunications, the effective height of an antenna is the height of the antenna's center of radiation above the ground. In low- frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the effective height is the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section, divided by the input current.
Effective Radiated Power (ERP, calculated using transmitter power and antenna HAAT) Antenna Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT) Reference distance C: 100 kW (or higher for grandfathered stations) 300 to 600 m (984 to 1,969 ft) 91.8 km (57.0 mi) C0: 100 kW 300 to 450 m (984 to 1,476 ft) 83.4 km (51.8 mi) C1: up to 100 kW under 300 m (984 ft)
The receiving antenna height of 10m dates from the 1950s when receivers were relatively insensitive and used rooftop antennas. Although this may seem unrealistic for typical situations today, when combined with the above threshold it is considered a good proxy for providing coverage to more sensitive modern receivers used without external ...
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The ground reflection has an important effect on the net far field radiation pattern in the vertical plane, that is, as a function of elevation angle, which is thus different between a vertically and horizontally polarized antenna. Consider an antenna at a height h above the ground, transmitting a wave considered at the elevation angle θ. For ...
It can be used for base-station antenna heights ranging from 30–1000 m. Okumura developed a set of curves giving the median attenuation relative to free space (A mu), in an urban area over a quasi-smooth terrain with a base station effective antenna height (hte) of 200 m and a mobile antenna height (hre) of 3 m. These curves were developed ...