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Small stones in female dogs may possibly be removed by urohydropropulsion, a nonsurgical procedure. Urohydropropulsion is performed under sedation by filling the bladder with saline through a catheter, holding the dog vertically, and squeezing the bladder to expel the stones through the urethra.
Recently completed scrotal urethrostomy on a dog Urethrostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a permanent opening in the urethra , commonly to remove obstructions to urine flow. The procedure is most often performed in male cats, where the opening is made in the perineum .
The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. In males, it is found between the bulb of the penis and the anus ; in females, it is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm (0.49 in) in front ...
Perineal hernias are rare in female dogs and uncommon in cats. Dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia have been found to have increased relaxin levels and suspected subsequent weakening of the pelvic diaphragm. [10] In cats, perineal hernias are seen most commonly following perineal urethrostomy surgery or secondary to megacolon. [11]
As might be expected, the contents of the urogenital triangle differ greatly between the male and the female. Some of the components include: [1] Posterior scrotal nerves / posterior labial nerves; Urethra; Vagina; Bulbourethral gland / Bartholin's gland; Muscles Superficial transverse perineal muscle; Ischiocavernosus muscle; Bulbospongiosus ...
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Compressor urethrae muscle in the female is sometimes included [3] Urethrovaginal sphincter in the female is sometimes included [3] other Membranous urethra in the male; proximal portion of urethra in the female; Bulbourethral gland (males). The Bartholin gland, the female counterpart, is in the superficial perineal pouch; Vagina (females)
Dogs have ear mobility that allows them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate, raise, or lower a dog's ear. A dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds at four times the distance. [41] Dogs can lose their hearing from age or an ear infection. [42]