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Louis Pasteur ForMemRS (/ ˈ l uː i p æ ˈ s t ɜːr /, French: [lwi pastœʁ] ⓘ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.
The term vaccine derives from the Latin word for cow, reflecting the origins of smallpox vaccination. Edward Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). The origins of the smallpox vaccine became murky over time, [13] especially after Louis Pasteur developed laboratory techniques for creating vaccines in the 19th century.
Jean Baptiste Pasteur, the only son of Louis and Marie Pasteur, was a soldier in the Franco-Prussian War. The tone set by this war contributed to the rivalry between Koch and Pasteur. [ 1 ] The "German Problem", as Germany increasingly gained scientific, technological, and industrial dominance, fed tensions among European nations. [ 3 ]
Louis Pasteur was a pioneer in chemistry, microbiology, immunology and vaccinology. pictore/DigitalVision Vectors via Getty ImagesSome of the greatest scientific discoveries haven’t resulted in ...
1885 – First vaccine for rabies by Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux [5] [6] 1890 – First vaccine for tetanus (serum antitoxin) by Emil von Behring [7] 1896 – First vaccine for typhoid fever by Almroth Edward Wright, Richard Pfeiffer, and Wilhelm Kolle [8] 1897 – First vaccine for bubonic plague by Waldemar Haffkine
Anthrax vaccines are vaccines to prevent the livestock and human disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. [1]They have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from Pasteur's pioneering 19th-century work with cattle (the first effective bacterial vaccine and the second effective vaccine ever) to the controversial late 20th century use of a modern product to protect ...
1878 – Confirmation and popularization of the germ theory of disease (Louis Pasteur) 1880 – 81 Theory that bacterial virulence could be attenuated by culture in vitro and used as vaccines. Used to make chicken cholera and anthrax "vaccines" (Louis Pasteur)
Virtually all infections with rabies resulted in death until two French scientists, Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux, developed the first rabies vaccination in 1885. Nine-year-old Joseph Meister (1876–1940), who had been mauled by a rabid dog, was the first human to receive this vaccine. [ 30 ]